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Hacking refers to the act of gaining unauthorized access to data in a system or a computer (Fortinet, 2024). A key part of understanding hacking is understanding the intent behind it, which usually involves the hacker seeking access to digital infrastructure, application data, and stealing sensitive customer information that could damage companies if leaked online (Fortinet, 2024). In Cybersecurity , when the intention of hacking is done to target an element of a computerized systems to change, destroy or steal data as well as exploit or harm the network, it is called a Cyber-Attack. There are three types of Hackers:
1. Black Hat Hackers (the main focus)
2. White Hat Hackers
3. Grey Hat Hackers.
Black hat Hackers are the “bad guys” and they go out of their way to discover vulnerabilities in computers systems. They then take advantage of those vulnerabilities by using them against the owners of computer systems for malicious purposes and for financial gain. Black Hat Hackers are notoriously known for the following cyber-attacks :

1. Phishing Attacks

Phishing is one of the luring techniques used by phishing artist in the intention of exploiting the personal details of unsuspected users.

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2. Ransomware Attacks

Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that threatens to publish or blocks access to data or a computer system, usually by encrypting it, until the victim pays a ransom fee to the attacker.

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